psychology

Sample Size: How Much Data Do You Actually Need?

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“How many participants do I need?” It’s probably the single most common question students and early-career researchers ask me when they’re designing a study. And it’s a fair question, you can’t conduct research without knowing how much data to collect. But the honest answer is rarely the one people want to hear. The short version: … Read more

From SPSS to R – Why the Switch Matters

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If you studied psychology in Georgia, or in most of the world, really, you learned statistics through SPSS. You opened the data, you clicked through menus, you got tidy output tables, and you wrote up your results. SPSS has been the default statistical software in psychology departments for decades, and that legacy runs deep. But … Read more